In terms of language word supernova consists of the word "super" and "Nova" the meaning of super based on the super dictionary "Collins Cobuild Advanced Leaner's Dictionary" which means something in life to identify the quality and very much. And word “nova” based on dictionary words " Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English of ", which means a star that exploded and suddenly become brighter than normal for a short time. While supernova is a term stars explode because it ran out of fuels used to make nuclear fusion reaction that is a proponent of a star. Balancing their own pressure to exit from the style pull the mass large. Supernova energy that emanated with the stars during a broadcast to millions of billions of years.
For some types of astronomy supernova used to observe about the distance or the age of a galaxy. The explosion, which each stars which had it will be different each other, depending on the initial mass before the explosion. If the big, it will be possible occurrence of a black hole that can absorb everything around it, and opposite it if the explode star is tiny will a neutron star.
Supernova can also destroy life around, although the distance is very far, this has happened in the earth around the year 444 million years ago, namely in the Ordovician period, is due to gamma rays produced by the explosion of supernova impact to earth, although supernova affected 10 seconds will make the earth I hasn’t a layer atmosphere for ten years. Therefore, at the end of that era lives on the plains to be destroyed, and life at sea remain intact. But the massive variable star Eta Carinae that narrow with our galaxy may be preparing to explode as a giant supernova, cause it thought 100 times the mass of sun. It is currently shedding its outer layer in giant eruptions, and the surround galaxy like Milky Way, Andromeda can destroy.
B.The types of Supernova explosion
Divided into two perspectives, if the first is viewed from the line that indicates the spectrum of harmful chemical also contained temperatures during the explosion and the way the stars themselves explode, discussions as follows:
1.Based on spectrum line
Type 1a
It is an explosion of a star that has evolved with the information or called white dwarfs stars and not make nuclear fusion, but generally is a blend between the carbon-oxygen even release more energy when the temperature increases.
The explosion is divided into two mechanisms from two mechanisms of the star system, the first is the system of white dwarf stars with stars like sun, due to gravity white dwarf star, is bigger than material of solar size sun, so the material is absorbed then from this absorption exceeding the limit value (constant) Chandrasekhar or have exceeded the maximum limit of white dwarf stars.
Rays are produced from this type is very bright, also a measuring tool for astronomy to measure the distance and age of a galaxy known as the candle light in the darkness outside space. From the observation that the progress of the explosion would produce a supernova thermonuclear explosion.
In the second mechanism is derived from the pair of white dwarf stars that are merging with the radiation gravity will draw from time to time. In other words, the star will move diaphragm one another and eventually join. Due to exceed the Chandrasekhar limit (1.4 times the mass sun), the pressure in the center will reach the threshold limit for carbon and oxygen nuclei to start the controlled burning is not on and the blast become begining of occurence trigger thermonuclear explosion, and in the explosion is not found the Hydrogen spectrum line during observation.
Type 1b
Supernova this type will occur if the supply of Hydrogen on the star 20 times or more from the mass of the sun with a star called Wolf rayet, the result of this explosion can be gamma rays.
And during the observation in this type of supernova is not found hydrogen or helium spectrum line.
Type 2
This explosion came from a star explosion the mass is eight times greater than the sun, the energy produced from fusion Hydrogen to helium produce heat in the core star. The pressure that occur in the star's core function to compensate for balancing with its gravitation.
This giant star also known as the hydrostatic Equilibrium gravity where the stars can be balanced with the pressure in core of the star.
Helium accrued during millions of years in a star if the stars do not have enough temperature to do helium fusion and when hydrogen empty cause pressure to the core become weaken, can not result in longer maintain the gravity again. Then the star increase the temperature and begin the stages to doing explosion.
In a star similar to the two-time merger-carbon, which is slightly after the fall core, will increase the temperature which allows it to react again, so that the fusion of carbon reaction both those elements, heavy iron.
Because supernova element is the explosion occurred due to the elements iron cannot make the atoms in star, so that it cannot fusion reactions, consequently, the addition of a very high temperature will cause a supernova explosion. In this observation from the explosion appeared to be a line Hydrogen spectrum.
G.Based on Explosion Mechanism
Classification of supernova based on star energy source:
A.Supernova Thermonuclear
It is an explosion of a tiny star. The Star has many additional layer of from near star in binary star system, originating from the star with advance envolve or white dwarf star, comes from the double-star system (binary system), are not leaving any material from the explosion and the energy for burning comes from carbon and oxygen. It is estimated (star) the sun will experience this process for embraced billion future years because the sun will become a white dwarf star that density density is 1.5 higher than sun and has a measurement of earth size.
This explosion equal supernova explosion type 1a, a reference to the theory expanding universe because the resulted light very bright than the other supernova explosion.
B. Supernova "Collapsed Core"
The explosion came from difference stars from supernova thermonuclear, is as follows: originating from the star which has large mass, comes from big star layer and srill burning hydrogen inside, derived from a single star system (the same as supernova explosion type 2) and from the system binary (same as supernova explosion type 1b/1c ), the result of the explosion is a material that is solid black holes and neutron stars, and explosion comes from the way pressure.
The shape of the hypernova explosion (explosion greater than ordinary supernova), due to have a very large mass (100 times the mass of the sun). The explosion of this type of star will become a black hole.
D. Supernova Observation
In recorded history that the early commencement of research from supernova came from Chinese history and Korean. Supernova 186 BC is the first documentation in the observated supernova in the Milky Way. Supernova, which occurred in the year 1006 M is probably the most bright of the ever, shine entire galaxy for several months from the explosion.
Supernova happen in the year 1054 M is one of supernova, which can be observed directly by the astronomy in the Arab and Chinese, leaving a remnant debris shaped crab nebula. Supernova Tycho Brahe, which occurred on 11 November 1572 was found by a astronomer Tycho Brahe comes from the French who became one of the defenders of the solar system by creating a tool instrument called a solar system astrolabe from the results of the observations of an object that is getting more light to be views on the day with a description of fact that overlap Venus blogosphere, and then calls them the "Nova" and the rays from the star is the more overcast until March 1574, and the word "Nova" a term for the explosion of a star.
When stars explode, the shining can increase hundred untill thousan brighter than normal (before the explosion). brightness maximum occurred hours and can count on overcast days the next.
Supernova the Tycho Brahe carefully is the type 1a popular with the bright. Johannes Kepler Supernova occurred about 1,604 years old. Supernova 1572 and 1604 is the last supernova can be seen with the naked eye near the Milky Way galaxy.
Progress since then the tool telescopes stars on the year 1885 may see the astronomical Andromeda supernova explosion that occurred in the Andromeda galaxy. And for the next in the 20th century astronomy can be classifying the explosion supernova also the development of stars from nebula until supernova.
Supernova 1987A supernova explosion, which is found by the first space telescope (Hubble telescope) and this supernova become the first that can be recorded and learned, supernova is a distance of 170,000 light years from earth the explosion are in the cloud Megallanic which can be seen from the southern hemisphere, surprising that many researchers from the results of research from the explosion is among others: supernova specrtrum line has become a sign of the supernova explosion type 2 but in the center of supernova, there is a blue star on the last picture is not the form of red giant stars that are usually on supernova this type. And also from the explosion has not produced the remnants, which usually form neutron stars or black holes of the facts there until further research until now.
SN 1994D, which comes from the explosion of a star is very far distance from the earth, this happens from the outside galaxy NGC 4526, the ray speread during a week after the explosion, the explosion marks the type 1a.
SN 2006gy, which in supernova is found by students in Texas, this supernova is the largest ever observed even astronomy NASA says the explosion is hundreds of times more powerful than the supernova explosion normally up to now, It's 240 million years from earth, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said this supernova occurred during 70 days, but exceptions to this explosion in the type of supernova explosion collapsed core, which comes from the big stars also produce large explosion and also if the mass of the remaining 2 / 3 before its explosion it will generate a black hole, but the remnant of the explosion SN 2006gy not indicate the existence of black holes, with the explosion of such astronomer Dave Pooley of the university in Berkeley California will occur in the star eta carinae a distance of 7,500 light years from earth.
Supernova 2008D is supernova explosion, which was first discovered by detection x-ray, using x-ray telescope Swift outer space objects that this explosion is located in the spiral galaxy NGC 2770 a distance of about 90 light years from the constellation Lynx. Supernova inventor of this Alicia Soderberg from Princeton University, New Jersey, U.S., along with colleagues, Edo Berger of the Carnegie Observatory, California
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Selasa, 03 Maret 2009
Supernova Explosion
"Behold! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day,- there are indeed Signs for men of understanding"
Alqur'an verse above is a description of the person who had knowledge that can take a lesson from what is happening around us, or more precisely on the creation of universe and the earth that can be used as a means to approach him with self aware cause we is nothing front the creator, and also in this new era using religious proselytizing with enclose the fact about universe and relate it in Al-qur'an, will more effective than the habitually in dakwah.
In the universe is scattered stars or other objects, which is set in such a way by the omniscient creator, which began from the explosion of the Big Bang theory as the most accepted as the beginning of the first creation of this universe is estimated to occur 13.7 billion years ago, and the universe will continue to grow at a time will deflating such as balloon, as American astronomer Edwin Hubble, also with the universe. Based on research with the distance between the galaxies is a sign of the universe.
And among developers is the cause of the explosion or supernova can call in with supernovae, the event is the death of a star in the absence of "fuel" as the materials used to make nuclear fusion reactions, as a star endorser. How explode stars some process that resulted from the detonation stars, not all stars may be the final stage of this because the stars who will stage this is a massive star (a giant-sized) or the mass 8 times more than the mass of the sun.
And after the explosion it will be scattered materials that will form a new star or planet or galaxy for a long period for humans, so there was a recycling of life from the stars that gradually became nebula, proto-star, red giant stars, the super-giant, and then there was that supernova will then generate new material for the occurrence of nebula.
Alqur'an verse above is a description of the person who had knowledge that can take a lesson from what is happening around us, or more precisely on the creation of universe and the earth that can be used as a means to approach him with self aware cause we is nothing front the creator, and also in this new era using religious proselytizing with enclose the fact about universe and relate it in Al-qur'an, will more effective than the habitually in dakwah.
In the universe is scattered stars or other objects, which is set in such a way by the omniscient creator, which began from the explosion of the Big Bang theory as the most accepted as the beginning of the first creation of this universe is estimated to occur 13.7 billion years ago, and the universe will continue to grow at a time will deflating such as balloon, as American astronomer Edwin Hubble, also with the universe. Based on research with the distance between the galaxies is a sign of the universe.
And among developers is the cause of the explosion or supernova can call in with supernovae, the event is the death of a star in the absence of "fuel" as the materials used to make nuclear fusion reactions, as a star endorser. How explode stars some process that resulted from the detonation stars, not all stars may be the final stage of this because the stars who will stage this is a massive star (a giant-sized) or the mass 8 times more than the mass of the sun.
And after the explosion it will be scattered materials that will form a new star or planet or galaxy for a long period for humans, so there was a recycling of life from the stars that gradually became nebula, proto-star, red giant stars, the super-giant, and then there was that supernova will then generate new material for the occurrence of nebula.
Many Things to Memorize for SMA Assalaam's Students
Prospective of Assalaam Senior High School
Senior High School is continuation of Madrasah Tsanawiyah and Madrasah Takhasusiyah, with educational years during 3 years to regular class and 2 years to acceleration class. Assalaam Senior High School is standing in the year 1989 this use departmental curriculum education of national with addition at problem of religion and bilingual, that is Arabic language and English language. Assalaam Senior High School have obtained status accredit A by Body Accreditation School (BAS) Province Central Java since 2004.
Besides regular program, Assalaam Senior High School also have acceleration program learn that program is giving opportunity to student / certain schoolgirl to finish education in Assalaam Senior High School during 2 years, started in the year teaching 2006 / 2007.
In the year teaching 2007 / 2008, Assalaam Senior High School send 4 student as participant of transfer of student to United States during 1 year pass program of AFS-YES the which transfer of this student take place during 4 year partakes since year 2003 hitherto.
Memorizing items in Assalaam Senior High School
The 3rd Class of Assalaam Senior High School consists of 2 majors study. These are majors of Natural Sciences and Social Science. Where these majors have been started since 2nd class of Assalaam Senior High School. With existence of these majors, the female students of the 3rd class of Assalaam Senior High School accept different lesson as according to taken majors. All same given lesson, except part of it self majors.
The female students of 3rd Class of Assalaam Senior High School have 20 subjects of majors Natural Science and also Social Science. Among got subject there are memorizing subjects. By memorizing these items, the female students can accept the lessons better. That memorizing subjects for example:
a. Biology (Natural Science)
b. Geography (Social Science)
c. Sociology (Social Science)
d. History
e. Education of five principle and civic
f. Aqidah
g. Akhlaq
h. Turuqutta’lim
i. Tarikh Islam
j. Fiqih
k. Memorizing of Al-Quran
l. Memorizing of Hadits
With many substance to memorize in less than 1 year, the female students of the 3rd class of Assalaam Senior High School demand to have a memorize system efficiently and effectively.
Senior High School is continuation of Madrasah Tsanawiyah and Madrasah Takhasusiyah, with educational years during 3 years to regular class and 2 years to acceleration class. Assalaam Senior High School is standing in the year 1989 this use departmental curriculum education of national with addition at problem of religion and bilingual, that is Arabic language and English language. Assalaam Senior High School have obtained status accredit A by Body Accreditation School (BAS) Province Central Java since 2004.
Besides regular program, Assalaam Senior High School also have acceleration program learn that program is giving opportunity to student / certain schoolgirl to finish education in Assalaam Senior High School during 2 years, started in the year teaching 2006 / 2007.
In the year teaching 2007 / 2008, Assalaam Senior High School send 4 student as participant of transfer of student to United States during 1 year pass program of AFS-YES the which transfer of this student take place during 4 year partakes since year 2003 hitherto.
Memorizing items in Assalaam Senior High School
The 3rd Class of Assalaam Senior High School consists of 2 majors study. These are majors of Natural Sciences and Social Science. Where these majors have been started since 2nd class of Assalaam Senior High School. With existence of these majors, the female students of the 3rd class of Assalaam Senior High School accept different lesson as according to taken majors. All same given lesson, except part of it self majors.
The female students of 3rd Class of Assalaam Senior High School have 20 subjects of majors Natural Science and also Social Science. Among got subject there are memorizing subjects. By memorizing these items, the female students can accept the lessons better. That memorizing subjects for example:
a. Biology (Natural Science)
b. Geography (Social Science)
c. Sociology (Social Science)
d. History
e. Education of five principle and civic
f. Aqidah
g. Akhlaq
h. Turuqutta’lim
i. Tarikh Islam
j. Fiqih
k. Memorizing of Al-Quran
l. Memorizing of Hadits
With many substance to memorize in less than 1 year, the female students of the 3rd class of Assalaam Senior High School demand to have a memorize system efficiently and effectively.
How to Memorizing
According to Jean Marie Stine, memorizing can be differentiated to become 2 there are:
Short term memorize
If there is something that wish to be memorized by memory on short term, hence suggested to memorize at morning because part of brain which save memory short-range at morning more efficient about 15%.
Long term memorize
If there is something that wish to be memorized by memory on a long term, hence suggested memorizing day time because part of tired memory bank its top in the day time.
According to AM Rukky Santoso memorize is forming of piracy of brain in order not to think creative and band exit. Piracy of this brain its meaning memorize with mechanical pattern and tend to passively. If memorizing with right brain, meaning to discharge from compulsion think systematic and mechanical. To start memorizing with right brain, have to start from own self. This pattern has to be taught peculiarly and do not be mixed by memorizing having the character of rational left brain pattern.
Short term memorize
If there is something that wish to be memorized by memory on short term, hence suggested to memorize at morning because part of brain which save memory short-range at morning more efficient about 15%.
Long term memorize
If there is something that wish to be memorized by memory on a long term, hence suggested memorizing day time because part of tired memory bank its top in the day time.
According to AM Rukky Santoso memorize is forming of piracy of brain in order not to think creative and band exit. Piracy of this brain its meaning memorize with mechanical pattern and tend to passively. If memorizing with right brain, meaning to discharge from compulsion think systematic and mechanical. To start memorizing with right brain, have to start from own self. This pattern has to be taught peculiarly and do not be mixed by memorizing having the character of rational left brain pattern.
Brain and It's Parts
1.Definition of The Brain
A brain is a necessary organ for human life. Attendance of the brain as vital organ in human, being body represent big award which impossible to contest by any thing made in human being. Though the human science and technology from time to time compete with the brain, but hitherto it is not efficacy near 1% from entire the sophisticated brain system. Whereas research get result of analysis expressing that human being during its life possible exploit only at most 10% from total ability of the brain supported by 30 billion cell and neuron.
The brain’s position become indivisible part of human life and even determines it’s life or dead status. Someone which its body falls to pieces and dying, comma, not yet will be expressed death by clinics when in data of electroencephalograph (EEG) of their brain still have pulse. When its brain has no longer present frequency vibration at certain times, which mean brain frequency and its mind have resided in dot 0 and only presenting just contour line in screen of EEG, this moment the people expressed death by clinics.
When human wish to comprehend its brain and get optimal furthermore later the ability of its brain, then it have to comprehend the brain frequency. Frequency is basic discussion thing in regarding of the brain. Brain nor possible off hand cut or repaired as also to a broken finger. In the brain there are billion cell and neuron joining complicatedly and then in its entirety attributed to brain bar to part of human being backbone to give command of life for moment to moment.
One of the comprehending brain frequency method is by feeling and arranging breathing way. The breathe as source of input of energy conducive especial of human being pass off life, sure also will correlate directly with part of brain requiring oxygen from time to time. Brain not possible to work without oxygen brought by blood into its system. Air and oxygen is brain fuel to continue beat and transmit frequency.
2.Part of The Brain
By biologic term, brain divided in three big parts consisting of left brain, right brain, and small brain or subconscious brain. Every part have specific duty and it’s characteristic. At the brain there are billion cells which forming three parts above. Every part of this cell also forms complicated cooperation through shares other small is so-called neuron. And as a whole cell cooperation network and of neuron this has never called it day for a lifetime human being. This is a sophisticated activity network that goes on continuously as long as life and not possible to contest by any technology is which have been created by human being.
a.The left brain
Representing part of commissioned brain thinks cognitively and rational. This part have typical characteristic which have the character of logically like mathematical, annalistic, realistic, vertical, quantitative, intellectual, objective, and control the motion part of right side body.
b.The right brain
Part of brain thinking by affective and relational. It owns character like qualitative, impulsive, spiritual, holistic, emotional, artistic, creative, subjective, symbolic, imaginative, stimulant, intuitive, and control motion part of left side body.
c.The small brain or subconscious brain
Undertake like recorder machine entire occurrence that goes on life. Part of this brain also will record accepted science subconsciously and mean do not recorded in part of rational brain. This brain also can overcome sudden events.
3.Difference between the Left Brain and the Right Brain.
According to Daniel H. Pink difference between left brain and right brain shall be as follows:
a.Right brain control part of body left side, left brain control part of body right side.
If moving or using part of body right side, hence by then also laboring left shares brain. So also if moving or using part of body left side, hence by then also brain part of laboring right. And if doing activity moving or using part of body right side and left concurrently, hence both splitting left and right brain is also work concurrently (well-balanced).
b.Right brain has the character of stimulant, left brain have the character of successively.
Left brain process voice and symbol alternately and when reading sentence, left brain will find meaning each letter, each syllable, each word which underway. Left brain can recognize events which its elements happened alternately and control behavioral sequences. Left brain include activities of verbal like talking, comprehending word of others, reading, and writing. While right brain cleft can to interpret something by stimulant. Right brain major at seeing objects at the same time that is seeing all part of geometric form and comprehend its for, or see at all of element from a situation and comprehend its meaning.
c.Right brain major at context, left brain major at text.
Left brain give attention to what told, however right brain cleft focused how which told that is signals of non verbal which oftentimes submitted emotional through view, expression, face, and intonation.
d.Right brain able to see in entire perspective, left brain comprehend at details
Left brain join in information analysis, can focused at one particular categories and can comprehend details of. However right brain majored in collecting separate elements to comprehend something instantly, and only just right brain cleft able to see in perspectives entirety something.
Converse about left and right brain cleft separately, basically is two brain cleft designed to work together, same as one soft unity, single, and in wrought in one intact brain. Left brain cleft knows how to face logic and right brain cleft know about world. Joining both and someone will get one awful idea machine. However in this paper, writer will only study just using the right brain to memorize.
A brain is a necessary organ for human life. Attendance of the brain as vital organ in human, being body represent big award which impossible to contest by any thing made in human being. Though the human science and technology from time to time compete with the brain, but hitherto it is not efficacy near 1% from entire the sophisticated brain system. Whereas research get result of analysis expressing that human being during its life possible exploit only at most 10% from total ability of the brain supported by 30 billion cell and neuron.
The brain’s position become indivisible part of human life and even determines it’s life or dead status. Someone which its body falls to pieces and dying, comma, not yet will be expressed death by clinics when in data of electroencephalograph (EEG) of their brain still have pulse. When its brain has no longer present frequency vibration at certain times, which mean brain frequency and its mind have resided in dot 0 and only presenting just contour line in screen of EEG, this moment the people expressed death by clinics.
When human wish to comprehend its brain and get optimal furthermore later the ability of its brain, then it have to comprehend the brain frequency. Frequency is basic discussion thing in regarding of the brain. Brain nor possible off hand cut or repaired as also to a broken finger. In the brain there are billion cell and neuron joining complicatedly and then in its entirety attributed to brain bar to part of human being backbone to give command of life for moment to moment.
One of the comprehending brain frequency method is by feeling and arranging breathing way. The breathe as source of input of energy conducive especial of human being pass off life, sure also will correlate directly with part of brain requiring oxygen from time to time. Brain not possible to work without oxygen brought by blood into its system. Air and oxygen is brain fuel to continue beat and transmit frequency.
2.Part of The Brain
By biologic term, brain divided in three big parts consisting of left brain, right brain, and small brain or subconscious brain. Every part have specific duty and it’s characteristic. At the brain there are billion cells which forming three parts above. Every part of this cell also forms complicated cooperation through shares other small is so-called neuron. And as a whole cell cooperation network and of neuron this has never called it day for a lifetime human being. This is a sophisticated activity network that goes on continuously as long as life and not possible to contest by any technology is which have been created by human being.
a.The left brain
Representing part of commissioned brain thinks cognitively and rational. This part have typical characteristic which have the character of logically like mathematical, annalistic, realistic, vertical, quantitative, intellectual, objective, and control the motion part of right side body.
b.The right brain
Part of brain thinking by affective and relational. It owns character like qualitative, impulsive, spiritual, holistic, emotional, artistic, creative, subjective, symbolic, imaginative, stimulant, intuitive, and control motion part of left side body.
c.The small brain or subconscious brain
Undertake like recorder machine entire occurrence that goes on life. Part of this brain also will record accepted science subconsciously and mean do not recorded in part of rational brain. This brain also can overcome sudden events.
3.Difference between the Left Brain and the Right Brain.
According to Daniel H. Pink difference between left brain and right brain shall be as follows:
a.Right brain control part of body left side, left brain control part of body right side.
If moving or using part of body right side, hence by then also laboring left shares brain. So also if moving or using part of body left side, hence by then also brain part of laboring right. And if doing activity moving or using part of body right side and left concurrently, hence both splitting left and right brain is also work concurrently (well-balanced).
b.Right brain has the character of stimulant, left brain have the character of successively.
Left brain process voice and symbol alternately and when reading sentence, left brain will find meaning each letter, each syllable, each word which underway. Left brain can recognize events which its elements happened alternately and control behavioral sequences. Left brain include activities of verbal like talking, comprehending word of others, reading, and writing. While right brain cleft can to interpret something by stimulant. Right brain major at seeing objects at the same time that is seeing all part of geometric form and comprehend its for, or see at all of element from a situation and comprehend its meaning.
c.Right brain major at context, left brain major at text.
Left brain give attention to what told, however right brain cleft focused how which told that is signals of non verbal which oftentimes submitted emotional through view, expression, face, and intonation.
d.Right brain able to see in entire perspective, left brain comprehend at details
Left brain join in information analysis, can focused at one particular categories and can comprehend details of. However right brain majored in collecting separate elements to comprehend something instantly, and only just right brain cleft able to see in perspectives entirety something.
Converse about left and right brain cleft separately, basically is two brain cleft designed to work together, same as one soft unity, single, and in wrought in one intact brain. Left brain cleft knows how to face logic and right brain cleft know about world. Joining both and someone will get one awful idea machine. However in this paper, writer will only study just using the right brain to memorize.
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